The Machine That Can Tell Red from Green: AI, Consciousness, and What Makes a Person
Point a camera at a red apple and today's artificial intelligence answers without hesitation: "a red apple." It reads wavelengths, draws boundaries learned from millions of images, and separates red from green, sometimes better than I can. So I find myself asking a question that no amount of accuracy seems to settle. Does the machine see red? I am a neurologist, and the question has a familiar shape. Philosophers tell of Mary, a brilliant scientist who knows every physical fact about color but has lived her whole life in a black-and-white room. When she finally steps outside and sees a red rose, does she learn something new? Most people feel that she does. An AI, in a sense, is Mary in her room. It holds all the data about red. Whether the data comes with the feeling of red is not written anywhere in the data. You can memorize an entire cookbook and still never taste the soup. Telling versus undergoing Consciousness researchers separate the "easy" problem...